Poorest Country in Asia
The issue of poverty in Asia remains a significant challenge, with several countries struggling to achieve economic stability and improve the living conditions of their populations. However, through international collaboration, targeted development initiatives, and sustainable policies, there is hope for progress. By addressing economic, social, and governance challenges, the poorest countries in Asia can pave the way for a more prosperous and inclusive future. Here is the list of the poorest countries in Asia as of 2023:
S.no. |
Country |
GDP Per Capita ($) |
|
1 |
Yemen |
2,136 |
|
2 |
Afghanistan |
2,474 |
|
3 |
East Timor |
3,904 |
|
4 |
Nepal |
4,677 |
|
5 |
Tajikistan |
4,803 |
|
6 |
Myanmar |
4,830 |
|
7 |
Cambodia |
5,583 |
|
8 |
Kyrgyzstan |
5,771 |
|
9 |
Pakistan |
6,662 |
|
10 |
Bangladesh |
7,985 |
Top 10 Poorest Country in Asia
Asia, the world’s largest and most populous continent, is home to a diverse range of countries with varying levels of economic development. While some Asian nations have achieved remarkable progress and economic prosperity, others continue to face significant challenges in combating poverty and achieving sustainable development. This article explores the topic of the poorest countries in Asia, shedding light on the economic struggles they face and the efforts being made to uplift their populations.
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1. Yemen ($2,136)
Yemen, officially known as the Republic of Yemen, is a country located in Western Asia. It is positioned on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, sharing borders with Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast. Additionally, Yemen has maritime boundaries with Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
Geographically, Yemen holds a strategic position, serving as a gateway between the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea. Its coastline stretches along the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The country’s location has historically contributed to its significance in regional trade and maritime activities.
Yemen is regarded as the no.1 poorest country in Asia as of 2023, with a GDP per Capita of $2,136. Yemen is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance. The ancient cities of Sana’a, Shibam, and Zabid have been recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, showcasing the country’s architectural treasures and cultural heritage.
Yemen holds membership in several international organizations, including the Arab League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. However, it faces significant challenges as one of the least developed countries, characterized by severe structural impediments to sustainable development. Throughout recent history, Yemen has been the poorest nation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
2. Afghanistan ($2,474)
Afghanistan, officially known as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country situated at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is often referred to as the Heart of Asia. Afghanistan shares its borders with Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
Spanning an area of approximately 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 square miles), the country is predominantly mountainous, with plains in the north and southwest, separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. The capital city of Afghanistan is Kabul, which is also its largest city.
As of 2023, Afghanistan has a GDP per Capita of $2,474. The population is ethnically diverse, including groups such as Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Qizilbash, Aimak, Pashayi, Baloch, Pamiris, Nuristanis, and others.
Afghanistan has a rich history that dates back to the Middle Paleolithic era. Its strategic location along the historic Silk Road has earned it the reputation of being a roundabout of the ancient world. The country is often referred to as the graveyard of empires, symbolizing its history of withstanding numerous military campaigns by various powers throughout the centuries.
These include the Persians, Alexander the Great, the Maurya Empire, Arab Muslims, the Mongols, the British, the Soviet Union, and most recently, a US-led coalition. Afghanistan has also been the birthplace of major empires, such as the Greco-Bactrians and the Mughals. The region has been influenced by Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam, making it a significant center of cultural and religious history in both the Iranian and Indian spheres.
3. East Timor ($3,904)
Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, is a nation located in Southeast Asia. It occupies half of the island of Timor and is surrounded by vibrant coral reefs that host diverse marine life. The capital city, Dili, is home to significant landmarks that reflect the country’s history of striving for independence. In 1975, Timor-Leste fought for liberation from Portuguese colonization, and in 2002, it finally gained independence from Indonesia.
One notable landmark in Dili is the iconic Cristo Rei de Dili statue, standing tall at 27 meters. Perched on a hilltop overlooking the city, the statue provides sweeping panoramic views of the surrounding bay. This statue serves as a symbol of faith, resilience, and the enduring spirit of the Timorese people.
Timor-Leste’s struggle for independence has shaped its identity and plays a significant role in its modern history. The country continues to develop and overcome the challenges of building a stable and prosperous nation. Its natural beauty, including the coral reefs and picturesque landscapes, attracts visitors who are captivated by its unique charm.
East Timor is regarded as the third poorest country in Asia with a GDP per capita of $3,904. Timor-Leste still faces various social, economic, and environmental challenges on its path to development. However, the nation’s rich cultural heritage, stunning natural landscapes, and resilient spirit make it a remarkable destination for exploration and understanding.
4. Nepal ($4,677)
Nepal, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country located in South Asia, with a GDP per capita of $4,677. It is primarily situated in the Himalayas, but it also encompasses parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Nepal shares its borders with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north and India to the south, east, and west. It is narrowly separated from Bangladesh by the Siliguri Corridor and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim.
Nepal boasts a diverse geography that includes fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world’s ten highest mountains, including Mount Everest, which stands as the highest point on Earth. The capital city of Nepal is Kathmandu, which is not only the political center but also the country’s largest city.
Nepal is a multicultural and multiethnic nation, with a rich tapestry of languages, religions, and cultures. Nepali is the official language of the country. The name “Nepal” has its origins in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent, a time when Hinduism, the predominant religion of the country, was founded. The birthplace of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is located in Lumbini, a region in southern Nepal. Parts of northern Nepal have had historical and cultural connections with Tibet.
The Kathmandu Valley, located in the central part of Nepal, has been a significant center of trade and culture throughout history. It was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy called Nepal Mandala. The valley’s traders played a crucial role in the Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road. This cosmopolitan region has nurtured distinctive traditional art and architecture, contributing to Nepal’s cultural heritage.
Nepal’s rich history, stunning landscapes, and cultural diversity make it a fascinating destination for travelers and a country of great significance in the region.
5. Tajikistan ($4,803)
As of 2023, Tajikistan has a GDP per capita of $4,803. Tajikistan is a Central Asian country that shares its borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. It is renowned for its breathtaking and rugged mountain landscapes, making it a popular destination for hiking and climbing enthusiasts.
One prominent mountain range in Tajikistan is the Fann Mountains, located near the country’s capital, Dushanbe. The Fann Mountains feature majestic snow-capped peaks that soar over 5,000 meters in height. Within this range, you’ll find the Iskanderkulsky Nature Refuge, a significant bird habitat known for its diverse avian species.
The refuge takes its name from Iskanderkul, a stunning turquoise lake formed by ancient glaciers. Tajikistan’s natural beauty and mountainous terrain offer a unique experience for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
6. Myanmar ($4,830)
Myanmar, officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, is a country located in Southeast Asia, and has a GDP per capita of $4,830. It was formerly known as Burma until 1989. With its vast land area, it is the largest country in Mainland Southeast Asia. As of 2017, Myanmar had a population of approximately 54 million people.
The country shares borders with Bangladesh and India to the northwest, China to the northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest. The capital city of Myanmar is Naypyidaw, while its largest city is Yangon, previously known as Rangoon.
The region of Myanmar has a rich history, with early civilizations including the Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s led to the gradual dominance of Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism in the country.
The Pagan Kingdom faced Mongol invasions, resulting in the emergence of several warring states. In the 16th century, the Taungoo dynasty reunified the country, making Myanmar the largest empire in Southeast Asia for a brief period.
During the early 19th century, the Konbaung dynasty ruled over a vast territory that included present-day Myanmar and briefly extended its control over Manipur and Assam. However, in the 19th century, the British East India Company took control of Myanmar through three Anglo-Burmese Wars, and the country became a British colony.
Following a short period of Japanese occupation during World War II, Myanmar was eventually reconquered by the Allies. On January 4, 1948, Myanmar declared its independence in accordance with the Burma Independence Act 1947.
7. Cambodia ($5,583)
Cambodia is a nation located in Southeast Asia, known for its diverse landscape that encompasses low-lying plains, the Mekong Delta, mountainous regions, and a picturesque coastline along the Gulf of Thailand. The country’s capital is Phnom Penh, which offers a blend of modernity and history.
Here, you can explore architectural gems such as the art deco Central Market, the opulent Royal Palace, and the National Museum, which houses fascinating exhibits showcasing Cambodia’s rich history and archaeology.
In the northwest region of the country, you’ll find the awe-inspiring ruins of Angkor Wat. This immense stone temple complex was constructed during the Khmer Empire and stands as a testament to Cambodia’s glorious past. Angkor Wat is renowned for its intricate architecture, intricate carvings, and serene atmosphere, making it a UNESCO World Heritage site and a must-visit destination for history and culture enthusiasts. As of 2023, Cambodia has a GDP per capita of $5,583.
Cambodia is predominantly a Buddhist nation, with approximately 80% of the population practicing Theravada Buddhism. The presence of Buddhism in Cambodia dates back to at least the 5th century CE, showcasing the long-standing influence of this religion on the country’s cultural and spiritual traditions. Additionally, Cambodia is home to a diverse religious landscape, with a small percentage of the population following Christianity, while others practice Islam, atheism, or animism.
Beyond its architectural marvels and religious heritage, Cambodia is a country brimming with vibrant markets, lush landscapes, and warm hospitality. Its charming towns, rural villages, and stunning natural attractions, such as the Tonle Sap Lake and the Cardamom Mountains, offer visitors a chance to experience the country’s natural beauty and immerse themselves in its unique cultural tapestry.
Cambodia’s journey through history, religion, and natural wonders continues to captivate travelers from around the world.
8. Kyrgyzstan ($5,771)
Kyrgyzstan, also known as the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country situated in Central Asia. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east. The capital city, as well as the largest city, is Bishkek.
The majority of the country’s approximately 7 million people are ethnic Kyrgyz, with notable minority populations of Uzbeks and Russians. The Kyrgyz language is closely related to other Turkic languages spoken in the region. After gaining independence, Kyrgyzstan initially adopted a unitary presidential republic system.
However, following the Tulip Revolution, it transitioned to a unitary parliamentary republic. Over time, it evolved into a semi-presidential republic with an executive president, before returning to a presidential system in 2021.
Throughout its history, Kyrgyzstan has faced various challenges, including ethnic conflicts, periodic revolts, economic difficulties, transitional governments, and political conflicts. These factors have contributed to the country’s complex socio-political landscape. Despite these challenges, Kyrgyzstan’s diverse cultural heritage, stunning mountainous landscapes, and nomadic traditions continue to captivate visitors.
The country’s natural beauty, which includes the majestic Tian Shan mountain range and the serene Issyk-Kul Lake, attracts outdoor enthusiasts and adventure seekers. The ancient Silk Road routes that pass through Kyrgyzstan bear witness to its historical significance as a crossroads of trade and cultural exchange.
Kyrgyzstan’s journey as an independent nation has been marked by a series of transformations and adaptations. Its resilient population, rich traditions, and breathtaking scenery make it a compelling destination for those seeking to explore the cultural and natural wonders of Central Asia.
9. Pakistan ($6,662)
Pakistan, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia. With a population of over 249 million people, it ranks as the world’s fifth-most populous nation and has the second-largest Muslim population globally, second only to Indonesia. The capital city of Pakistan is Islamabad, while Karachi serves as its largest city and financial hub, followed by Lahore and Faisalabad.
Spanning an area of 881,913 square kilometers (340,509 square miles), Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world in terms of land area and the second-largest in South Asia. It boasts a coastline of 1,046 kilometers (650 miles) along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
Pakistan shares borders with India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China to the northeast. It is separated by Afghanistan’s Wakhan Corridor from Tajikistan in the north and also shares a maritime border with Oman.
Pakistan’s geographical location has played a significant role in its history and cultural influences. The region has been a crossroads of civilizations, witnessing the rise and fall of various empires and trade routes. Its diverse landscape includes the stunning mountain ranges of the Karakoram, Himalayas, and Hindu Kush, as well as fertile plains and the vast Thar Desert.
The country’s cultural heritage is rich and multifaceted, with influences from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, as well as various conquerors, including the Persian, Greek, Arab, Turkic, and Mughal empires. The official languages of Pakistan are Urdu and English, with numerous regional languages spoken throughout the country.
Pakistan’s economy is diverse, with sectors such as agriculture, industry, and services contributing to its growth. It has made significant strides in areas like technology, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. The country is also known for its vibrant arts, music, and cuisine, which reflect its cultural diversity.
While Pakistan faces challenges such as poverty, security concerns, and socio-political issues, it is a nation striving for progress and development. Its people are known for their resilience, hospitality, and love for cricket, which is a popular sport in the country. Pakistan’s strategic location, historical significance, and rich cultural heritage make it a fascinating destination for travelers and a country that continues to shape the dynamics of South Asia.
10. Bangladesh ($7,985)
Bangladesh, officially known as the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, is a country located in South Asia. With a GDP per capita of $7,985, Bangladesh stands as the tenth poorest country in Asia. The country spans an area of 148,460 square kilometers (57,320 square miles), making it one of the most densely populated countries globally.
Bangladesh shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast. It has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal to the south. The country is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the north.
The capital city of Bangladesh is Dhaka, which serves as the nation’s political, financial, and cultural center. Chittagong, the second-largest city, is a bustling port located on the Bay of Bengal. The official language of Bangladesh is Bengali, which belongs to the easternmost branch of the Indo-European language family. Bengali is widely spoken and serves as the medium of communication for the majority of the population.
Bangladesh is known for its rich cultural heritage, vibrant festivals, and historical landmarks. The country has a diverse landscape, ranging from fertile plains to river deltas and lush green hills. The Sundarbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the world’s largest mangrove forest, is located in Bangladesh.
The economy of Bangladesh has experienced significant growth in recent years, with key sectors including textiles, garments, agriculture, and remittances from overseas workers. Despite challenges such as poverty and environmental issues, the country has made progress in areas like education, healthcare, and women’s empowerment.
Bangladesh is renowned for its warm hospitality, delicious cuisine, and traditional arts and crafts. The people of Bangladesh are known for their resilience and strong sense of community.
As a developing nation, Bangladesh continues to work towards sustainable development and improving the well-being of its population. The country is actively involved in international forums and initiatives, striving for global cooperation and partnerships to address common challenges.
Which is the No 1 Poorest Country in Asia?
Yemen is regarded as the no.1 poorest country in Asia as of 2023, with a GDP per Capita of $2,136. Yemen is predominantly located in Western Asia, specifically in the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula. Geographically, it serves as a bridge connecting the peninsula with East Africa.
The country shares its borders with Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and the Guardafui Channel to the south, and Oman to the east. Yemen’s geographic coordinates lie approximately between latitudes 12 and 19 degrees north and longitudes 42 and 55 degrees east. The country covers a land area of about 555,000 square kilometers (214,287 square miles).
Islam holds the status of the state religion in Yemen. The religious landscape of Yemen is predominantly shaped by two main Islamic groups. Approximately 35% of the Muslim population in Yemen adheres to Shia Islam, while the remaining 65% follows Sunni Islam, as reported by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
Among the Sunni population, the majority belongs to the Shafi’i school of Islamic jurisprudence, with notable numbers of Maliki and Hanbali followers. On the other hand, the Shia community in Yemen is primarily composed of Zaydis, with significant minority groups practicing Ismaili and Twelver Shia Islam. These religious affiliations play a significant role in shaping the religious and cultural fabric of Yemeni society.
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