Most Endangered Species in the World 2023 (List of Top 10)

Most Endangered Species in the World 2023

An endangered species is a plant or animal species that is at risk of becoming extinct due to a variety of factors such as habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, hunting, and poaching. These species have dwindling populations and are in danger of disappearing from the wild altogether if nothing is done to protect them.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains a Red List of Threatened Species, which is a comprehensive database of the conservation status of various plant and animal species worldwide. The Red List categorises species into various categories based on their level of risk of extinction, with categories ranging from Least Concern to Critically Endangered.

There are many endangered species around the world, including iconic animals like the African elephant, Bengal tiger, and giant panda, as well as lesser-known species like the Javan rhinoceros, saola, and vaquita. Protecting these species and their habitats is important not only for the survival of the species themselves but also for the health of the ecosystems in which they live and the well-being of local communities who depend on those ecosystems.

Top 10 Most Endangered Species in the World 2023

As our society becomes increasingly reliant on resources, natural areas are dwindling and the number of wildlife is decreasing. According to our 2022 Living Planet Report, the global wildlife population has dropped by an average of 69% since 1970. Despite some encouraging success stories in the past, many animals are still endangered due to unsustainable human activities. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list currently assesses over 41,000 species as being threatened with extinction. Below, we have compiled a list of 10 of the world’s most endangered animals in their natural habitats.

S. No	Most Endangered Species
1	Javan Rhinos
2	Amur Leopard
3	Sunda Island Tiger
4	Mountain Gorillas
5	Tapanuli Orangutan
6	Yangtze Finless Porpoise
7	Black Rhinos
8	African Forest Elephant
9	Sumatran Orangutan
10	Hawksbill Turtles

TRENDING

Top 10 Endangered Animals

1. Javan Rhinos

Javan rhinos, which were once widespread across southeast Asia, have experienced a significant decline in their population due to hunting and loss of their natural habitat. Only around 75 individuals remain in the wild, making this one of the rarest rhino species. These rhinos can now only be found on the Indonesian island of Java, in the Ujung Kulon National Park, which is a designated World Heritage Site. However, the invasion of the Arenga palm in the area has reduced the amount of food and habitat available to the rhinos. Moreover, the small population of Javan rhinos is highly susceptible to extinction due to factors such as natural disasters, disease, poaching, and potential inbreeding.

2. Amur Leopard

With only approximately 100 individuals remaining in the wild, the Amur leopard is one of the world’s rarest big cats. While the population seems to be stabilizing and even increasing slightly, this subspecies of leopard has been critically endangered since 1996. This is largely due to their limited distribution, as they can only be found in a relatively small region of far east Russia and northeastern China. The remaining Amur leopards face a multitude of threats to their survival, including loss and fragmentation of their habitat, scarcity of prey, and transportation infrastructure such as roads. Despite these challenges, there is reason to be optimistic about the future of this rare big cat. Around 75% of their home range is currently protected in Russia and China, and they are also beginning to move into suitable habitats outside of these protected areas.

3. Sunda Island Tiger

The Sunda Island tiger, also known as the Sumatran tiger, is the smallest subspecies of tiger in the world, weighing up to 140kg. By comparison, the tigers that inhabit the Amur region are the largest of all big cats, with males weighing up to twice as much as Sunda Island tigers. These tigers are extremely rare, with only an estimated 600 remaining in the wild, and they can only be found on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The human population of southeast Asia has nearly doubled since the 1980s, from 357 million to approximately 668 million in 2020. This population growth has had a significant impact on tiger populations, which have been declining due to habitat loss. As human settlements expand in the region, Sunda Island tigers are increasingly likely to come into contact with humans, leading to an escalation in human-tiger conflicts. The illegal poaching and trade of tiger parts and products is also a significant threat to their survival.

4. Mountain Gorillas

The Mountain gorilla is a subspecies of the eastern gorilla that inhabits two isolated populations in the high-altitude forests of the volcanic mountainous regions in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. These gorillas also reside in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. However, the Virunga Landscape, where they live, has a history of political instability, and the region is plagued by high levels of poverty, posing a considerable threat to the mountain gorilla population. Over 500,000 people currently live near the habitat of mountain gorillas, moving into areas closer to these great apes for food, shelter, and space. Despite these challenges, the mountain gorilla population is making a promising recovery thanks to conservation efforts and interventions from local and international partners such as WWF through the International Gorilla Conservation Programme. Currently, mountain gorillas are classified as an endangered species, with just over 1,000 individuals in the wild. Nonetheless, there are multiple threats that could hinder the recovery progress of this species.

5. Tapanuli Orangutan

In 2017, a new species of orangutan known as the Tapanuli orangutan was identified, and it is listed as a separate species. This species is found only in the tropical forests of the Batang Toru ecosystem on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Unfortunately, the Tapanuli orangutan is critically endangered, with less than 800 individuals remaining in the wild, making it the most endangered great ape species on the planet. The loss of habitat is one of the major threats to the species’ survival, as agriculture, mining, and hydroelectric and geothermal development are replacing tropical forests. Between 1985 and 2007, over 40% of the forests in the province of North Sumatra, where the Tapanali orangutan is found, were destroyed.

6. Yangtze Finless Porpoise

The Yangtze Finless Porpoise is a unique member of the porpoise family, being the sole freshwater species found worldwide. This aquatic mammal is currently found in China’s Yangtze River and is categorized as critically endangered. Although the river is vital to a healthy ecosystem, years of environmental degradation, overfishing, and water pollution have had negative effects on many animal species that call it home. While finless porpoises still live in the river, freshwater dolphin sightings have not been reported in two decades, suggesting the potential for further loss of endangered species, including the Yangtze finless porpoise. In 2021, China granted finless porpoises the highest level of protection available in the country, designating them as “first level protected species.” As of 2018, there were approximately 1,000 individuals remaining in the wild, and their population was stabilizing.

7. Black Rhinos

From 1960 to 1995, the black rhino population experienced significant losses due to extensive poaching, leaving only about 2% of the population remaining. However, conservation efforts have been successful in more than doubling their numbers across Africa since the 1990s. Despite this, the black rhino is still considered critically endangered by the IUCN, with approximately 5,630 individuals remaining in the wild. One of the subspecies, the western black rhino, was declared extinct in 2011, leaving three surviving subspecies. Currently, 95% of black rhinos are found in just four countries: Kenya, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Poaching remains the biggest threat to the remaining population, and over the last decade, nearly 10,000 African rhinos have been killed to fuel the illegal rhino horn trade.

8. African Forest Elephant

The African forest elephant, one of two subspecies of the African elephant, is a rare and elusive animal found deep within the dense and humid forests of West and Central Africa. Although the exact number of these elephants in the wild is uncertain due to their reclusive nature, it is known that they are critically endangered and their population has decreased by an estimated 86% over the course of 31 years. The primary reason for this decline is widespread and intense poaching, particularly in Central Africa, although habitat loss due to agriculture and other land uses has also contributed to the fragmentation of their habitats and increased human-elephant conflict resulting in losses on both sides. Currently, African forest elephants occupy only about 25% of their historical range, with the majority of them located in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.

9. Sumatran Orangutan

The Sumatran orangutan, which is a unique species of orangutan, is solely distributed across Sumatra, Indonesia. Their population is considered critically endangered by the IUCN, with less than 14,000 individuals in the wild. These orangutans face similar threats to their counterparts in Borneo and Tapanuli, including deforestation from logging, agricultural plantations, and expanding infrastructure development, as well as the illegal pet trade. These great apes require large expanses of forest to survive, but between 1985 and 2007, they lost 60% of their habitat. Currently, the majority of Sumatran orangutans can be found in the Leuser Ecosystem, situated in the northernmost part of Sumatra, which comprises tropical lowland rainforests and steamy peatland swamps.

10. Hawksbill Turtles

The Hawksbill turtle is one of seven marine turtle species that inhabit nearshore tropical and subtropical waters in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Although difficult to accurately estimate, their population is thought to be between 20,000 to 23,000 nesting turtles due to their nomadic nature. Over the past three decades, the global population of Hawksbill turtles has declined by at least 80% due to a variety of human-led threats, including incidental capture in fishing gear, loss of nesting habitats, coral reef degradation, and illegal trade of hawksbill shells and products. This species faces additional threats in the form of plastic pollution, climate change, and rising sea levels. The Hawksbill turtle is currently classified as critically endangered.

What is the no 1 Most Endangered Animal in the World?

The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is a unique and fascinating species that plays a vital role in the ecosystem. This magnificent creature is characterized by its distinctive appearance, with a single horn on its nose and a rugged, armour-like skin that protects it from predators. As mentioned, the Javan rhino is critically endangered, with fewer than 70 individuals remaining in the wild. The species is threatened by various factors, including habitat loss, hunting, and poaching for its horn, which is highly valued in traditional medicine and as a status symbol.

The Javan rhino is native to Indonesia and once roamed throughout the islands of Java and Sumatra. However, due to deforestation and human encroachment, their habitat has been greatly reduced. As a result, the Javan rhino is now confined to Ujung Kulon National Park, which is the only place on earth where this species exists in the wild. Conservationists have been working tirelessly to save the Javan rhino from extinction. Habitat restoration efforts are underway to restore the degraded areas of the park and create more suitable habitats for the rhinos. Anti-poaching patrols have also been established to protect the remaining Javan rhinos from illegal hunting and poaching.

Captive breeding programs are also a key component of conservation efforts for the Javan rhino. The aim is to increase the number of individuals in captivity and eventually release them back into the wild to increase the wild population. However, this approach can be challenging due to the slow reproductive rate of the species and the difficulty in reproducing them in captivity. Despite the ongoing efforts to save the Javan rhino, it remains at great risk of extinction. The survival of this species depends on continued conservation efforts, public awareness, and support. The Javan rhino is not only a symbol of Indonesia’s natural heritage but also a vital part of the global ecosystem. Therefore, it is essential to continue working towards its conservation and ensure its survival for future generations.

Which Country has the Most Endangered Species in the World?

Mexico’s incredible biodiversity is both a source of pride and a cause for concern. With over 200,000 different species of plants and animals, Mexico is considered a megadiverse country and is one of only 17 countries worldwide designated as such. However, this biodiversity is threatened by a wide range of environmental challenges. One of the most urgent threats to Mexico’s biodiversity is habitat destruction. Due to factors such as deforestation, urbanization, and land-use change, many ecosystems are being lost or degraded at an alarming rate. This is particularly problematic for species that have small ranges or specialized habitats, such as the vaquita porpoise, which is found only in a small area of the upper Gulf of California.

Climate change is another major concern for Mexico’s biodiversity. Rising temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events such as hurricanes and droughts are all affecting ecosystems and the species that depend on them. For example, the Mexican gray wolf, which is already critically endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, may face even greater challenges as its habitat becomes increasingly fragmented and its prey base declines. Pollution is also a significant problem in Mexico, particularly in urban areas and along the coasts. This can have devastating effects on marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as on the health of wildlife and humans alike. For example, sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to plastic pollution, which can cause them to ingest or become entangled in debris.

Illegal wildlife trade is yet another major threat to Mexico’s biodiversity. This includes the trade in wildlife products such as ivory, as well as the capture and sale of live animals such as parrots and reptiles. The axolotl, which is endemic to Mexico City’s canals and wetlands, is a particularly sought-after species in the pet trade. Despite these challenges, there is hope for Mexico’s biodiversity. The government has established protected areas and conservation programs aimed at safeguarding endangered species and their habitats. For example, the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, which is home to millions of overwintering monarch butterflies, has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Similarly, the Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino protects the breeding grounds of the gray whale.

However, much more needs to be done to protect Mexico’s incredible biodiversity. This includes strengthening enforcement of laws and regulations aimed at protecting wildlife, increasing public awareness of conservation issues, and promoting sustainable development practices that minimize environmental impacts. By working together, we can ensure that Mexico’s unique natural heritage is preserved for future generations.

What is the Impact of Human Activity on Endangered Species?

Human activity has had a significant impact on endangered species around the world. Habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, poaching, and climate change are among the many ways in which humans have threatened the survival of many animal and plant species.

One of the most significant impacts of human activity on endangered species is habitat destruction. Human activities such as deforestation, urbanisation, and land development have led to the destruction and fragmentation of many ecosystems, which are the natural habitats of many animal and plant species. As a result, many species have lost their homes and are struggling to survive in increasingly smaller and isolated areas.

Pollution is another significant threat to endangered species. Industrial and agricultural activities release pollutants into the air, water, and soil, which can be harmful to animals and plants. Polluted waterways, for example, can cause fish and other aquatic species to die, and air pollution can cause respiratory problems in animals.

Overfishing is a significant threat to marine species. Many fish populations have declined dramatically due to overfishing, which has disrupted marine ecosystems and caused imbalances in food chains. Overfishing can also lead to the extinction of some species, which can have cascading effects throughout the ecosystem.

Poaching is a severe threat to many endangered species, particularly those that are highly valued for their parts or products, such as elephant ivory or rhinoceros horns. Poaching can cause significant declines in populations and even drive some species to extinction.

Climate change is also a significant threat to endangered species. Rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and sea level rise are causing shifts in ecosystems that many species are struggling to adapt to. Climate change can also lead to the loss of habitats, changes in migratory patterns, and more frequent natural disasters, all of which can threaten the survival of endangered species.

Overall, human activity has had a profound impact on endangered species, and without significant efforts to reduce our impact, many of these species may face extinction in the coming years

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Source: ptivs2.edu.vn