KM Cariappa Jayanti 2023: January 28 in Indian and world history is celebrated, observed and remembered for various reasons and one of them is the birth anniversary of Kodandera Madappa Cariappa. He was the first commander-in-chief of the Indian Army.
Today we salute Field Marshal KM Cariappa, the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.
A national hero known for many firsts, he played a key role in the Indian Army’s transition from colonial to independent India, and his legacy continues to be celebrated. pic.twitter.com/LCXgTlPb0h
— Congress (@INCIndia)
May 15, 2023
Remembering Field Marshal KM Cariappa, OBE
-1st Indian Commander-in-Chief.
-First Indian officer to attend a course at Staff College.
-1st Indian officer commanding a battalion.
-One of only two officers in the Indian Army to hold the five-star rank of Field Marshal. A legend… pic.twitter.com/2Nl5w9IElp
— ADG PI – INDIAN ARMY (@adgpi)
May 15, 2023
Who was KM Cariappa?
Cariappa was born on January 28, 1899, in Shanivarsanthe, Coorg province (present-day Kodagu district), in a family of farmers belonging to the Kodava clan. His father, Madappa, worked in the revenue department. Cariappa was the second son in a family of four sons and two daughters.
His relatives knew him as “Chimma”. After completing his education from Madikeri Central High School in 1917, he attended Presidency College, Chennai, to further his studies. During college, he learned that Indians were being recruited for the army and that they were going to be trained in India. As he wished to serve as a soldier, he requested training. Of the 70 applicants, Cariappa was one of the 42 who were finally granted admission to Daly Cadet College, Indore. He achieved good results in all aspects of his training and graduated seventh in his class.
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Military career
His distinguished military career spanned nearly three decades. Born on January 28, 1899, in Madikeri, Kodagu, Cariappa joined the British Indian Army shortly after the end of the First World War and was commissioned as a temporary first lieutenant in the 2/88 Carnatic Infantry. He was transferred between several regiments early in his career before settling on the 1/7 Rajputs, which became his permanent regiment.
He was the first Indian military officer to attend the Staff College, Quetta, and the first Indian to command a battalion. He was also one of the first two Indians selected for training at the Imperial Defense College in Camberley. He served in various staff positions in various units and command headquarters (HQ) and also at General Headquarters, New Delhi. Before taking over as Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, Cariappa served as Commander of the Eastern and Western Commands of the Indian Army.
After World War II began, Cariappa was posted as a Brigade Major of the 20th Indian Brigade stationed at Derajat. He was subsequently appointed DAQMG of the 10th Indian Division which was stationed in Iraq. He earned a Dispatch Citation as DAA and Quartermaster General of General (later Field Marshal) William Slim’s 10th Division. He served in Iraq, Iran and Syria from 1941 to 1942 and then in Burma from 1943 to 1944. Returning to India in March 1942, he was posted as second in command of the newly formed 7th Rajput Machine Gun Battalion at Fatehgarh. . On April 15, 1942, he was promoted to acting lieutenant colonel and appointed commander of the same battalion, rising to temporary lieutenant colonel on July 15. With this appointment, he became the first Indian to command a battalion in the Indian Army.
Post-Independence
After independence, Cariappa was appointed deputy chief of the General Staff. He launched three subsequent strike operations Kipper, Easy and Bison to capture the areas of Naushera, Jhangar, Poonch, Zoji La, Dras and Kargil. Plans were laid to ultimately expel Pakistani forces from Kashmir, but were thwarted by US intervention. On July 6, 1948, the army headquarters issued strict instructions against conducting major operations without its permission. Cariappa protested against this, stating that this policy would threaten Leh, Kargil and ultimately the Kashmir Valley, putting the country’s security at stake.
Awards
|
General Service Medal 1947 |
Indian Independence Medal |
Order of the British Empire |
1939-1945 Star |
|
Burma Star |
War Medal 1939-1945 |
Indian Service Medal |
Legion of Merit (Commander in chief) |
Range Dates
|
Range |
Component |
Range Date |
|
Ensign |
british indian army |
December 1, 1919 (temporary) July 17, 1920 (noun) |
|
Lieutenant |
british indian army |
December 1, 1920 (temporary) July 17, 1921 (noun) |
|
Captain |
british indian army |
July 17, 1927 |
|
Important |
british indian army |
July 17, 1938 |
|
Lieutenant colonel |
british indian army |
July 1942 (acting) July 15, 1942 (temporary) July 17, 1946 (noun) |
|
Colonel |
british indian army |
November 1, 1944 (acting) May 1, 1945 (temporary) |
|
Brigadier |
british indian army |
November 1, 1944 (acting) May 1, 1945 (temporary) |
|
Major General |
british indian army |
July 30, 1947 |
|
Major General |
Indian Army |
August 15, 1947 |
|
Lieutenant General |
Indian Army |
November 21, 1947 (acting) |
|
General (C-in-C, IA) |
Indian Army |
January 15, 1949 (acting) |
|
General (C-in-C, IA) |
Indian Army |
January 26, 1950 (recommissioned and re-badged) |
|
Quarterback |
Indian Army |
January 15, 1986 |
Personal life
Cariappa married Muthu Machia, the daughter of a forest officer, in March 1937 in Secunderabad. Although her married life was happy at first, later, due to an age difference of almost 17 years, ideological differences and Cariappa’s professional commitments, her marriage broke up. In September 1945, the couple separated without any formal divorce. Three years later, Muthu died in an accident.
Cariappa and Muthu had a son and a daughter. Their son, KC Cariappa, was born on 4 January 1938, and their daughter Nalini on 23 February 1948. Their son, named “Nanda”, joined the Indian Air Force and rose to the rank of Air Marshal. .
According to biographer Vijay Singh, his son Nanda was shot down in Pakistan in the 1965 conflict. He was taken as a prisoner of war (POW) and detained. When Radio Pakistan recognized the wounded Kargil soldier, it immediately declared that the young Cariappa had been detained. General Ayub Khan personally contacted General Cariappa, who was retired and living in his hometown of Mercara, to ask for the safety of his son. Cariappa is said to have laughed at the suggestion that Ayub Khan release his son immediately and ordered him to treat his son the same as any other prisoner of war. Singh further adds, “He is no longer my son. He is the son of this country, a soldier who fights for his country as a true patriot. Thank you very much for your kind gesture, but I request you to release all or release none.” “We don’t give him any special treatment.”
How did Field Marshal Cariappa die?
Cariappa’s alliance with the Indian Army spanned over a period of around three decades, during which he had extensive experience in staff and command work. After his retirement in 1953, he served as India’s high commissioner to Australia and New Zealand until 1956. With a view to the welfare of ex-servicemen, Cariappa founded the Indian Ex-servicemen’s League (IESL) in 1964. He also played was instrumental in the creation of the Directorate of Resettlement (later Directorate General of Resettlement), an inter-service organization under the Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare of the Ministry of Defence, which dealt with various issues related to the resettlement of retired soldiers, especially those who retired young.
Cariappa’s health began to deteriorate in 1991; she suffered from arthritis and heart problems. She died in her sleep on May 15, 1993, at the Bangalore Command Hospital, where she was receiving treatment for some years. Her remains were cremated in Madikeri two days later. The cremation was attended by all three service chiefs along with Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw. Cariappa’s son Nanda lit the pyre while the Honor Guard changed weapons.
In recognition of his commendable service to the nation, the Government of India conferred the rank of Field Marshal on Cariappa on 28 April 1986, at a special investiture ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan, the official residence. of the president of India.
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Source: ptivs2.edu.vn